The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.